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The Kirov class, Soviet designation Project 1144 Orlan (Russian: Орлан, lit. 'sea eagle'), is a class of nuclear-powered guided-missile battlecruisers of the Soviet Navy and Russian Navy, the largest and heaviest surface combatant warships (i.e. not an aircraft carrier or amphibious assault ship) in operation in the world. Among modern warships, they are second in size only to large aircraft carriers; they are similar in size to a World War I-era battleship. Defence commentators in the West often refer to these ships as battlecruisers - due to their size and general appearance. The Soviet classification of the ship-type is "heavy nuclear-powered guided-missile cruiser" (Russian: тяжёлый атомный ракетный крейсер). History Originally built for the Soviet Navy, the class is named after the first of a series of four ships constructed, Admiral Ushakov, named Kirov until 1992. Original plans called for construction of five ships. The lead ship of the class, Kirov, was laid down in March 1974 at Leningrad's Baltiysky Naval Shipyard, launched on 27 December 1977 and commissioned on 30 December 1980. When she appeared for the first time, NATO observers called her BALCOM I (Baltic Combatant I). She is presently laid up and was slated to be scrapped in 2021. Design The class was originally conceived to counter the U.S. Navy's submarines with its large payload of SS-N-14 anti-submarine missiles, and later evolved to carry twenty P-700 Granit anti-ship missiles for countering the U.S. carrier strike groups. Ultimately the class were intended to operate alongside new nuclear-powered aircraft carriers for global power projection, however these carriers never came to fruition. Weapon systems The Kirov class's main weapons are 20 P-700 Granit (SS-N-19 Shipwreck) missiles mounted in deck, designed to engage large surface targets. Air defense is provided by twelve octuple S-300F launchers with 96 missiles and a pair of Osa-MA batteries with 20 missiles each. Pyotr Velikiy carries some S-300FM missiles and is the only ship in the Russian Navy capable of ballistic missile defence.[2] The ships had some differences in sensor and weapons suites: Kirov came with Metel anti-submarine warfare (ASW) missiles, while on subsequent ships these were replaced with 3K95 Kinzhal (Russian: Кинжал – dagger) surface-to-air missile (SAM) systems. The Kinzhal installation is in fact mounted further forward of the old SS-N-14 mounting, in the structure directly behind the blast shield for the bow mounted RBU ASW rocket launcher. Kirov and Frunze had eight 30 mm (1.18 in) AK-630 close-in weapon systems, which were supplanted with the Kortik air-defence system on later ships. Other weapons are the automatic 130 mm (5 in) AK-130 gun system (except in Kirov which had two single 100 mm (4 in) guns instead), 10 21-inch (533 mm) torpedo/missile tubes (capable of firing RPK-2 Vyuga ASW missiles on later ships) and Udav-1 with 40 anti-submarine rockets and two sextuple RBU-1000 launchers. Russia is developing a new anti-ship missile to equip Kirovs called the 3M22 Tsirkon, which is capable of traveling at hypersonic speeds out to at least 620 mi (540 nmi; 1,000 km). **Megathreads and spaces to hang out:** - 📀 Come listen to music and Watch movies with your fellow [Hexbears nerd, in Cy.tube](https://live.hexbear.net/c/movies) - 🔥 Read and talk about a current topics in the [News Megathread](https://hexbear.net/post/2684706) - ⚔ Come talk in the [New Weekly PoC thread](https://hexbear.net/post/2693204) - ✨ Talk with fellow Trans comrades in the [New Weekly Trans thread](https://hexbear.net/post/2686822) **reminders:** - 💚 You nerds can join specific comms to see posts about all sorts of topics - 💙 Hexbear’s algorithm prioritizes comments over upbears - 💜 Sorting by new you nerd - 🌈 If you ever want to make your own megathread, you can reserve a spot [here nerd](https://hexbear.net/post/261657) - 🐶 Join the unofficial Hexbear-adjacent Mastodon [instance toots.matapacos.dog](https://toots.matapacos.dog/explore) **Links To Resources (Aid and Theory):** **Aid:** - 🌈 [LGBTQ+ Resource Post](https://hexbear.net/post/279079) - 🍉 [Resources for Palestine](https://buildpalestine.com/2021/05/15/trusted-organizations-to-donate-to-palestine/) - [🐌☕ Zapatista Coffee](https://schoolsforchiapas.org/store/coffee-corn-and-agricultural/zapatista-coffee/) **Theory:** - ❤️[Foundations of Leninism](https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/stalin/works/1924/foundations-leninism/index.htm) - ❤️[Anarchism and Other Essays](https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/emma-goldman-anarchism-and-other-essays)
Ink on rice paper is a traditional Korean style that North Korea has since blended with socialist realism.
The Flying Dutchman (Dutch: De Vliegende Hollander) is a legendary ghost ship, allegedly never able to make port, but doomed to sail the seven seas forever. The myths and ghost stories are likely to have originated from the 17th-century Golden Age of the Dutch East India Company. The oldest known extant version of the legend dates from the late 18th century. According to the legend, if hailed by another ship, the crew of the Flying Dutchman might try to send messages to land, or to people long dead. Reported sightings in the 19th and 20th centuries claimed that the ship glowed with a ghostly light. In ocean lore, the sight of this phantom ship functions as a portent of doom. It was commonly believed that the Flying Dutchman was a seventeenth-century cargo vessel known as a fluyt. Origins The first print reference to the ship appears in Travels in various part of Europe, Asia and Africa during a series of thirty years and upward (1790) by John MacDonald: >The weather was so stormy that the sailors said they saw the Flying Dutchman. The common story is that this Dutchman came to the Cape in distress of weather and wanted to get into harbour but could not get a pilot to conduct her and was lost and that ever since in very bad weather her vision appears. The next literary reference appears in Chapter VI of A Voyage to Botany Bay (1795) (also known as A Voyage to New South Wales), attributed to George Barrington (1755–1804): >I had often heard of the superstition of sailors respecting apparitions and doom, but had never given much credit to the report; it seems that some years since a Dutch man-of-war was lost off the Cape of Good Hope, and every soul on board perished; her consort weathered the gale, and arrived soon after at the Cape. Having refitted, and returning to Europe, they were assailed by a violent tempest nearly in the same latitude. In the night watch some of the people saw, or imagined they saw, a vessel standing for them under a press of sail, as though she would run them down: one in particular affirmed it was the ship that had foundered in the former gale, and that it must certainly be her, or the apparition of her; but on its clearing up, the object, a dark thick cloud, disappeared. Nothing could do away the idea of this phenomenon on the minds of the sailors; and, on their relating the circumstances when they arrived in port, the story spread like wild-fire, and the supposed phantom was called the Flying Dutchman. From the Dutch the English seamen got the infatuation, and there are very few Indiamen, but what has some one on board, who pretends to have seen the apparition. [The Flying Dutchman ](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lNMgBxjegQc) **Megathreads and spaces to hang out:** - ❤️ Come listen to music and Watch movies with your fellow [Hexbears nerd, in Cy.tube](https://live.hexbear.net/c/movies) - 💖 Come talk in the [New Weekly Queer thread](https://hexbear.net/post/604067) - 💛 Read and talk about a current topics in the [News Megathread](https://hexbear.net/post/627069?scrollToComments=false) - 💚 Come and talk in the [Daily Bloomer Thread](https://hexbear.net/post/727445) - ⭐️ [September Movie Nominations](https://hexbear.net/post/451216) ⭐️ **reminders:** - 💚 You nerds can join specific comms to see posts about all sorts of topics - 💙 Hexbear’s algorithm prioritizes comments over upbears - 💜 Sorting by new you nerd - 🌈 If you ever want to make your own megathread, you can reserve a spot [here nerd](https://hexbear.net/post/261657) - 🐶 Join the unofficial Hexbear-adjacent Mastodon [instance toots.matapacos.dog](https://toots.matapacos.dog/explore) **Links To Resources (Aid and Theory):** **Aid:** - 🌈 [LGBTQ+ Resource Post](https://hexbear.net/post/279079) - 💚 [Resources for Palestine](https://buildpalestine.com/2021/05/15/trusted-organizations-to-donate-to-palestine/) - [🐌☕ Zapatista Coffee](https://schoolsforchiapas.org/store/coffee-corn-and-agricultural/zapatista-coffee/) **Theory:** - ❤️[Foundations of Leninism](https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/stalin/works/1924/foundations-leninism/index.htm) - ❤️[Anarchism and Other Essays](https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/emma-goldman-anarchism-and-other-essays)
These rafts are great. Every raft or canoe used is another car off the streets. And they'll get you into remote, vacant spots near water. Bottle recycling is another scam with few real applications for re-used plastic material that still eventually needs disposal. Its always a landfill. Car transport has crystalized into an expensive, gridlocked, toxic nightmare that makes the old disused murky waterways look appealing again. All the great powers of the world are united in keeping us perpetually dependent on oil and coal. Smart people should be testing new ways to escape this vampires castle. No one is coming to save us. Weather mule carts, sail boats, bikes, rafts, etc whichever works. Just start building the tools and networks today for any chance to see results in our lifetimes. Which brings me to "how feasible is water travel for me?" well its complicated. We want multiple trips a week to the city, up and down stream, through all seasons. Which means a dedicated raft or boat design to optimize local conditions. Paddle configuration, push pole through shallows & banks, wind usage or storm hazards. Live near the water or find suitable anchorage. Local laws. Maybe a 'part 2' is needed. Thanks. example: [Bottle raft](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vg0PZKZ-y5g) , [Ton Le Sap lake](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e__weTGdEA8) , [towed shuttle punt](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fqd_BxodRNM) check online for local waterway maps.
It's exactly what it says on the tin. I'm convinced that if we just put wires up we can power anything and everything by trolley pole.
The People's Liberation Army Navy (PLAN; Chinese: 中国人民解放军海军; pinyin: Zhōngguó Rénmín Jiěfàngjūn Hǎijūn), also known as the People's Navy, Chinese Navy, or PLA Navy, is the maritime service branch of the People's Liberation Army, and the largest navy per number of ships in the world. The PLAN traces its lineage to naval units fighting during the Chinese Civil War and was established on 23 April 1949. Throughout the 1950s and early 1960s, the Soviet Union provided assistance to the PLAN in the form of naval advisers and export of equipment and technology. Until the late 1980s, the PLAN was largely a riverine and littoral force (brown-water navy). In the 1990s, following the fall of the Soviet Union and a shift towards a more forward-oriented foreign and security policy, the leaders of the Chinese military were freed from worrying overland border disputes. Traditionally subordinated to the PLA Ground Force, PLAN leaders were now able to advocate for a renewed attention towards the seas. History The PLAN traces its lineage to units of the Republic of China Navy (ROCN) who defected to the People's Liberation Army towards the end of the Chinese Civil War. In 1949, Mao Zedong asserted that "to oppose imperialist aggression, we must build a powerful navy". During the Landing Operation on Hainan Island, the communists used wooden junks fitted with mountain guns as both transport and warships against the ROCN. The navy was established on 23 April 1949 by consolidating regional naval forces under Joint Staff Department command in Jiangyan (now in Taizhou, Jiangsu). The Naval Academy was set up at Dalian on 22 November 1949, mostly with Soviet instructors. It then consisted of a motley collection of ships and boats acquired from the Kuomintang forces. The Naval Air Force was added two years later. By 1954 an estimated 2,500 Soviet naval advisers were in China—possibly one adviser to every thirty Chinese naval personnel—and the Soviet Union began providing modern ships. With Soviet assistance, the navy reorganized in 1954 and 1955 into the North Sea Fleet, East Sea Fleet, and South Sea Fleet, and a corps of admirals and other naval officers was established from the ranks of the ground forces. In shipbuilding the Soviets first assisted the Chinese, then the Chinese copied Soviet designs without assistance, and finally the Chinese produced vessels of their own design. Eventually Soviet assistance progressed to the point that a joint Sino-Soviet Pacific Ocean fleet was under discussion. Through the upheavals of the late 1950s and 1960s the Navy remained relatively undisturbed. Under the leadership of Minister of National Defense Lin Biao, large investments were made in naval construction during the frugal years immediately after the Great Leap Forward. In the 1980s, under the leadership of Chief Naval Commander Liu Huaqing, the navy developed into a regional naval power, though naval construction continued at a level somewhat below the 1970s rate. Liu Huaqing was an Army Officer who spent most of his career in administrative positions involving science and technology. It was not until 1988 that the People's Liberation Army Navy was led by a Naval Officer. Liu was also very close to Deng Xiaoping as his modernization efforts were very much in keeping with Deng's national policies **Megathreads and spaces to hang out:** - ❤️ Come listen to music and Watch movies with your fellow [Hexbears nerd, in Cy.tube](https://live.hexbear.net/c/movies) - 💖 Come talk in the [New Weekly Queer thread](https://hexbear.net/post/279529) - 💛 Read and talk about a current topics in the [News Megathread](https://hexbear.net/post/280000) - ⭐️ [October Movie Nominations](https://hexbear.net/post/225469) ⭐️ **reminders:** - 💚 You nerds can join specific comms to see posts about all sorts of topics - 💙 Hexbear’s algorithm prioritizes comments over upbears - 💜 Sorting by new you nerd - 🌈 If you ever want to make your own megathread, you can reserve a spot [here nerd](https://hexbear.net/post/261657) - 🐶 Join the unofficial Hexbear-adjacent Mastodon [instance toots.matapacos.dog](https://toots.matapacos.dog/explore) **Links To Resources (Aid and Theory):** **Aid:** - 🌈 [LGBTQ+ Resource Post](https://hexbear.net/post/279079) - 💚 [Resources for Palestine](https://buildpalestine.com/2021/05/15/trusted-organizations-to-donate-to-palestine/) - [🐌☕ Zapatista Coffee](https://schoolsforchiapas.org/store/coffee-corn-and-agricultural/zapatista-coffee/) **Theory:** - ❤️[Foundations of Leninism](https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/stalin/works/1924/foundations-leninism/index.htm) - ❤️[Anarchism and Other Essays](https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/emma-goldman-anarchism-and-other-essays)
jalopnik.com
A Mexican fishing boat rescued an Australian man who’d been adrift for three months after a storm disabled the electronic equipment of his boat, leaving him without a way to return to safety nor the ability to cook. The man had set sail for French Polynesia from Mexico in April, accompanied only by his dog Bella, but severe weather left the two adrift only “weeks into the journey,” according to the Associated Press. The 54-year old sailor, Timothy Lyndsay Shaddock, and his dog, Bella, were in a “‘precarious’ state when found” with no provisions or shelter, per the AP. When the Mexican fishing vessel happened upon the Australian sailor and his dog, the incapacitated catamaran was 1,930 kilometers from land, or about 1,200 miles. Shaddock is originally from Sydney, and his catamaran sailed under the name Aloha Toa. After the storm left the Aloha Toa adrift, it was spotted by the fishing boat’s helicopter. The boat, which is known as the María Delia, belongs to Grupomar, a Mexican company that owns the popular fishery and cannery, Tuny. You can probably guess what kind of fish the company specializes in. When the crew of the María Delia rescued Shaddock and Bella, they promptly administered medical attention along with food and water. Shaddock admitted that he was well-stocked going into the storm, but didn’t have a way to cook due to the unspecified damage the storm caused. The stranded sailor and his dog ate raw fish for the following few weeks, reportedly managing to live off this diet for three months in all. Surprisingly, Shaddock also managed to keep his spirits high, and would swim for leisure from time to time. The Australian sailor told interviewers that he just loves the ocean. Shaddock conjures the image of a scraggly Herman Melville, declaring that people are supernaturally drawn to the water, as the AP reports: Shaddock described himself as a quiet person who loves being alone on the ocean. Asked why he set out in April from Mexico’s Baja Peninsula to cross the Pacific Ocean to French Polynesia, he was initially at a loss. “I’m not sure I have the answer to that, but I very much enjoy sailing and I love the people of the sea,” he said. “It’s the people of the sea that make us all come together. The ocean is in us. We are the ocean.” [...] “The energy, the fatigue is the hardest part,” he said. He passed the time fixing things and stayed positive by going into the water to “just enjoy being in the water.” But even though the journey of Bella the dog and the self-described quiet man ended happily with their rescue, Shaddock is nonetheless leaving his first mate behind. The sailor said that Bella had found him in the middle of Mexico prior to setting sail, and called her the spirit of the country. She wouldn’t let him go, he said, and added that she was far braver than he was. In some sense Bella is a rescue two or three times over; she’s now going to live with one of the crew members of the fishing boat, so it’s unclear if her life on the water is through. Shaddock said he’s allowing the fisherman to adopt her on the condition that he would take good care of her.
China's first domestically-built large cruise ship, the "Adora Magic City," left port in Shanghai on Monday for the start of its trial voyage. Since its successful undocking on June 6, the cruise ship has completed a number of tests, including emergency tests, according to China State Shipbuilding Corporation (CSSC) Shanghai Waigaoqiao Shipbuilding Co., Ltd. The cruise ship, with a gross tonnage of 135,500 tonnes, can accommodate more than 6,500 passengers. It will have a luxury hotel, cinemas and a water park on board. It is expected to be delivered by the end of 2023. The construction of the country's second domestically-built large cruise ship started in August 2022.
www.youtube.com
By now you have probably heard the startling reports that, beginning in 2020, orcas- also commonly called killer whales- off the straits of Gibraltar, started attacking sailboats. While Orcas have not historically generally represented danger to people or boats, this new behavior isn’t the first time that people at sea have been terrorized by massive creatures of the deep.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DSV_Limiting_Factor
Aurora is a Russian protected cruiser, currently preserved as a museum ship in Saint Petersburg. Aurora was one of three Pallada-class cruisers, built in Saint Petersburg for service in the Pacific. All three ships of this class served during the Russo-Japanese War. Aurora survived the Battle of Tsushima and was interned under US protection in the Philippines, and eventually returned to the Baltic Fleet. One of the first incidents of the October Revolution in Russia took place on the cruiser Aurora, which reportedly fired the first shot, signalling the beginning of the attack on the Winter Palace. Russo-Japanese War Soon after completion, on 10 October 1903, Aurora departed Kronstadt as part of Admiral Virenius's "reinforcing squadron" for Port Arthur. While in the Red Sea, still en route to Port Arthur, the squadron was recalled back to the Baltic Sea, under protest by Admiral Makarov, who specifically requested Admiral Virenius to continue his mission to Port Arthur. Only the seven destroyers of the reinforcing squadron were allowed to continue to the Far East. After her detachment from the reinforcing squadron and her arrival back to home port she underwent new refitting. After refitting, Aurora was ordered back to Port Arthur as part of the Russian Baltic Fleet Aurora sailed as part of Admiral Oskar Enkvist's Cruiser Squadron whose flagship would be the protected cruiser Oleg, an element of Admiral Zinovy Rozhestvensky's Baltic Fleet. On the way to the Far East, Aurora received five hits, sustaining light damage from confused friendly fire, which killed the ship's chaplain and a sailor, in the Dogger Bank incident. On 27 and 28 May 1905 Aurora took part in the Battle of Tsushima, along with the rest of the Russian squadron. During the battle her captain, Captain 1st rank Evgeny Egoriev, and 14 crewmen were killed. October Revolution mutiny In 1906 Aurora returned to the Baltic and became a cadet training ship. In WWI she operated in the Baltic performing patrols and shore bombardments. In 1915 her armament was upgraded to fourteen 6-inch guns. The next year she was moved to Petrograd (renamed from St Petersburg) for a major refit. At this time the city was brimming with revolutionary ferment and most of her crew, encouraged by socialist ideas, joined the Bolsheviks who were preparing for a socialist revolt. Relationships between the Tsarist officers and men became strained, and the officers resorted to the use of small arms to restore order. On 28 February 1917 during one of these altercations the Captain was killed and another senior officer wounded. The crew then formed a workers’ committee and voted on a replacement commanding officer, then with the red flag hoisted Aurora became the first capital ship to embrace the Revolution. On the eve of the Revolution the Bolshevik command ordered Aurora to close the Nikolayevsky Bridge, held by military cadets loyal to the Provincial Government. The ship carried out this assignment and then anchored not far from the bridge. Later that night at 21:45 on the 25thof October 1917 at a pre-arranged signal a blank shot was fired from Aurora’sforward gun mount to begin the assault on the Winter Palace, then seat of the Provincial Government. This shot also signalled the momentous commencement of the October Revolution. In 1918 Aurora was relocated to the naval dockyard at Kronstadt and placed into reserve. Her 6-inch guns were removed and placed on floating batteries to be used by Red armies in the continuing civil war. Order of the October RevolutionIn 1922 Aurora returned to service as a proud training ship, visiting most neighbouring countries whilst cruising through the Baltic and into the North Sea. Many thousands of her young trainees were to serve in the Soviet Navy during the Second World War. During WWII her guns were again demounted and used for defence in the horrific three year Siege of Leningrad (ex Petrograd). The ship was docked at nearby Oranienbaum, which remained in Soviet hands, and was repeatedly shelled and bombed by surrounding German forces. On 30 September 1941 she was damaged and sank in the harbour but with her masts protruding above the waterline defiantly flying the Soviet ensign from her mainmast. After extensive repairs from 1945 to 1947 Aurora was moored in the Neva River in Leningrad (from 1991 again known as St Petersburg) as a monument to the Great October Socialist Revolution. Here in the long winter months she was held fast by thick ice only to become alive again in spring. In 1957 she became a museum-ship and on 22 February 1968 was awarded the Order of the October Revolution, whose badge portrays Aurora herself. In September 2014 after many years off the embankment of the Neva River crowds cheered her as she was towed to dock at Kronstadt for a much needed refit enabling her to return to her usual berth in pristine condition in time for the centenary in 2017 of a Revolution which changed the political face of world. RFS Aurora is a truly remarkable ship which served through three major wars and uniquely played an important part in a great period of revolution. Having rebelled against her Imperial masters she might be accurately described as the first ship of the Soviet Navy. **Megathreads and spaces to hang out:** - ❤️ Come listen to music and Watch movies with your fellow [Hexbears nerd, in Cy.tube](https://live.hexbear.net/c/movies) - 💖 Come talk in the [New Monthly queer thread](https://hexbear.net/post/276726) - 💛 Read and talk about a current topics in the [News Megathread](https://hexbear.net/post/274824) - ⭐️ [October Movie Nominations](https://hexbear.net/post/225469) ⭐️ **reminders:** - 💚 You nerds can join specific comms to see posts about all sorts of topics - 💙 Hexbear’s algorithm prioritizes struggle sessions over upbears - 💜 Sorting by new you nerd - 🌈 If you ever want to make your own megathread, you can go [here nerd](https://hexbear.net/post/261657) - 🐶 Join the unofficial Hexbear-adjacent Mastodon [instance toots.matapacos.dog](https://toots.matapacos.dog/explore) **Links To Resources (Aid and Theory):** **Aid:** - 💙[Comprehensive list of resources for those in need of an abortion -- reddit link](https://www.reddit.com/r/Feminism/comments/phrcrn/this_is_a_comprehensive_list_of_resources_for/) - 💙[Resources for Palestine](https://buildpalestine.com/2021/05/15/trusted-organizations-to-donate-to-palestine/) **Theory:** - ❤️[Foundations of Leninism](https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/stalin/works/1924/foundations-leninism/index.htm) - ❤️[Anarchism and Other Essays](https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/emma-goldman-anarchism-and-other-essays) - ❤️[Mega upload with theory for many tendencies](https://mega.nz/folder/3GBC1SIZ#zyFsn3bRGxOG1sy-2dOfVA)
 Noooooo you can't make nuclear-powered ships they're bad for profits!  I made one in 1957 and you capitalists still use oil
If we can operate submarines and aircraft carriers with nuclear, there is no reason why container ships and other cargo ships can't be nuclear powered. We could decarbonize the seas very effectively. It's not done simply because it is more profitable to use oil. 
>The Typhoon class, Soviet designation Project 941 Akula (Russian: Акула, meaning "shark", NATO reporting name Typhoon), is a class of nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarines designed and built by the Soviet Union for the Soviet Navy. With a submerged displacement of 48,000 tonnes, the Typhoons are the largest submarines ever built, able to accommodate comfortable living facilities for the crew of 160 when submerged for months on end  # Construction The submarine was designed by Sergei Nikitch Kovalyov who was a submarine designer at the Leningrad-based Rubin submarine design bureau. He was the Chief Designer for the following submarines: - Pr. 658 (NATO Hotel), - Pr. 658M (NATO Hotel II), - Pr. 667A Navaga (NATO Yankee), - Pr. 667B (NATO Delta I), - Pr. 667BD (NATO Delta II), - Pr. 667BDR (NATO Delta III), - Pr. 667BRDM (Delta IV), - Pr. 941 Akula (NATO Typhoon). Kovalyov and his team started work on Project 941 in 1972.  A 1/10 scale fully automated model was built at the Admiralty Shipyard in Leningrad. It tested the feasibility of such an unorthodox design.    # Service  The ocean under the arctic ice is the perfect place to hide a submarine. The ice, shallow waters, and the different salinities play havoc with sonar, to the extent where it's essentially impossible to detect another submarine. The project was developed with the objective to match the SLBM armament of Ohio-class submarines, capable of carrying 192 nuclear warheads, 100 kt each, but with significantly longer range. To accommodate this increase in range, Soviet SLBMs were substantially larger and heavier than their American counterparts (the R-39 Rif is more than twice as heavy as the UGM-96 Trident I; it remains the heaviest SLBM to have been in service worldwide). The submarine had to be scaled accordingly. The Typhoon carried 20 missiles, 4 more than their Delta counterparts, but 4 less than the American Ohios. Reloading looked like this  # Facilities The submarine was huge and could accommodate various facilities for the crew. They were meant to be on duty for months at a time. ## Pool  ## Sauna  ## Arcades  ## Lounge  ### Additional Information I've taken a lot of information from this imgur album I found 6-7 years ago. https://imgur.com/a/xi3P3 Absolutely give it a read for more detailed information.
